nginx反向代理请求到虚拟机

需求说明

1. 外部访问不到虚拟机的 ip，但是可以访问到主机的 ip。
2. 主机和虚拟机之间可以相互通讯。
3. 服务跑在虚拟机中。
4. 外部需要访问虚拟机中的服务。

如果要想请求到虚拟机的服务，就需要在主机中启动反向代理。

实现方案

在主机中安装 nginx，使用 nginx 做反向代理。

step1: 安装

brew install nginx

使用nginx -v查看安装的版本

$ nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.19.4

step2: 运行 nginx

仅运行

brew services run nginx

运行且设置为开机启动（可选）

brew services start nginx

测试是否正确运行，浏览器访问http://localhost/

step3: 配置反向代理

配置目录：/usr/local/etc/nginx

nginx.conf是主配置，可以看到主配置文件中的最后一句include servers/*; 说明除了主配置文件，还会加载servers目录下的配置文件。

所以我们将配置加在servers目录下。

新建文件 forwardToVM.conf

touch forwardToVM.conf

配置一个最简单的反向代理

server {
    listen       8080;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://10.211.55.4:8080;
    }
}

step4: 重启 nginx

先使用 nginx -t 验证配置文件。

$ sudo nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

重启服务

sudo nginx -s reload

step5: 测试

使用外部 client 请求主机，看是否能正确反向代理。

brew service 命令

附 brew services 命令的帮助信息

Usage: brew services [subcommand]

Manage background services with macOS' launchctl(1) daemon manager.

If sudo is passed, operate on /Library/LaunchDaemons (started at boot).
Otherwise, operate on ~/Library/LaunchAgents (started at login).

[sudo] brew services [list]:
    List all managed services for the current user (or root).

[sudo] brew services run (formula|--all):
    Run the service formula without registering to launch at login (or boot).

[sudo] brew services start (formula|--all):
    Start the service formula immediately and register it to launch at login
(or boot).

[sudo] brew services stop (formula|--all):
    Stop the service formula immediately and unregister it from launching at
login (or boot).

[sudo] brew services restart (formula|--all):
    Stop (if necessary) and start the service formula immediately and register
it to launch at login (or boot).

[sudo] brew services cleanup:
    Remove all unused services.

      --all                        Run subcommand on all services.
  -d, --debug                      Display any debugging information.
  -q, --quiet                      Suppress any warnings.
  -v, --verbose                    Make some output more verbose.
  -h, --help                       Show this message.